The periodontal tissues periodontium are the tissues that support the tooth in the. The terms periodontal disease, periodontopathy or periodontitis, commonly known as pyorrhoea, are applied to a bacterial infection which is very frequent in adults and. Left untreated, periodontal disease can lead to tooth loss. Destructive periodontal disease columbia university. Feb 07, 2019 periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease that destroys bone and gum tissues that support the teeth. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Causation and pathogenesis of periodontal disease request pdf. Periodontal disease is a complex, multifactorial disease that occurs in periodontal tissue 8, and most studies on the causes of periodontal diseases have mainly focused on the dominant bacteria. Severe periodontal disease had the biggest compromising impact related to function and esthetics. Conversely the dentist should be aware that progressive periodontitis in patients with otherwise. Periodontal disease is the name for bacterial infections of the gums in the mouth. Periodontal diseases range from simple gum inflammation to serious disease that results in.
May 20, 2014 periodontal disease is capable of predisposing to vascular disease due to the rich source of subgingival microbial species and hosts response. Periodontics peri virginia commonwealth university. The main cause of periodontal disease is bacterial. In periodontology, the pathogenesis of gingivitis and periodontitis are related but tend to be described separately, and although the clinical and histological changes that occur are well known, the details of. Role of systemic diseases in the etiology of periodontal diseases. Plaque is a sticky yellow film which consists mainly of food debris and bacteria. Etiology of periodontal diseases my dental hygiene education. Etiological factors in periodontal disease are classified into two broad categories, depending on their specific origin. No matter where you are in your career, we would welcome you and encourage you to consider joining our community. Radiograph only 8 and 7 have bone loss compared to 9 and 10.
Lee 4 microbiota associated with periodontal health, gingivitis, and advanced periodontal disease 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% healthy supragingival gingivitis crevicluar gramnegative rods grampositive rods gramnegative cocci grampositive cocci development of dental plaque biofilm. The purpose of the paper is to provide an overview of current knowledge relating to the pathogenesis of. The permanent dentition then erupts normally, but within a few years, the permanent teeth are also lost because of destructive periodontal disease. Periodontal disease, also known as gum disease, is a serious inflammatory disorder that, left untreated, can lead to tooth loss. The primary cause of periodontal disease is plaque which collects on everybodys teeth. These deposits can be readily visualised with vegetable or synthetic dyes in disclosing solutions, and can become calci. Brush, clean between your teeth, eat a balanced diet, avoid tobacco and schedule regular. The word periodontal literally means around the tooth. Relations between periodontal disease and systemic disease. Furthermore, we must be aware that these diseases share many risk factors and there are evident similarities to the basic pathogenic mechanisms 50. Periodontal diseases range from simple gum inflammation to serious disease those results in major damage to the soft tissue and bone that support the teeth.
Periodontal disease is a bacterial infection of the periodontium and that bacteria are the primary etiology agents in periodontal disease. Recognizing whether you have periodontal disease the most certain way to find out if you have periodontal disease is to visit a dentist. Its typically caused by poor brushing and flossing habits that allow plaquea sticky film of bacteriato build up on the teeth and harden. Periodontal disease is capable of predisposing to vascular disease due to the rich source of subgingival microbial species and hosts response. The search for the pathogens of periodontal diseases has been underway for more than 100 years, and continues up today. Etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal disease pdf by alexandrina l.
Periodontal diseases comprise a wide range of inflammatory conditions that affect the supporting structures of the teeth the gingiva, bone and periodontal ligament, which could lead to tooth loss and contribute to systemic inflammation. Many adults, however, develop some type of periodontal, or gum, disease an infection of the tissues that support their teeth. The two most prevalent and most investigated periodontal diseases are dental plaqueinduced gingivitis and chronic periodontitis. Etiology of periodontal disease primary etiology initiating factors secondary etiology predisposing factors microbial effect host response local predisposing factor systemic predisposing factors 111111991144 oossssaammaa eellsshhaallll 1144 15. Periodontitis, a chronic oral infectious disease, appears to occur as a result of a dysregulated host immune response elicited by subgingival microorganisms occurring in the dental biofilm. Periodontal disease is a group of illnesses located in the gums and dental support structures ligament and alveolar bone and are produced by certain bacteria. Muchhas been written about the effect of diabetes on periodontal disease, but most of the work has been based on. This condition is more common in men than women 56. You dont have to lose teeth to periodontal diseases. Emphasis will be placed on the etiology of periodontal diseases, rationale and outcomes of treatment.
Nov 19, 2014 etiology of periodontal disease primary etiology initiating factors secondary etiology predisposing factors microbial effect host response local predisposing factor systemic predisposing factors 111111991144 oossssaammaa eellsshhaallll 1144 15. Principles in prevention of periodontal diseases article pdf available in journal of clinical periodontology 42s16 january 2015 with 2,678 reads how we measure reads. Inflammatory processes can underlie the etiology of several pathological conditions ranging from metabolic to infectious diseases. Role of systemic diseases in the etiology of periodontal. Start studying characteristics of periodontal disease chapter 4. Periodontal disease and its systemic associated diseases. Periodontal disease, cardiovascular disease, atheroma, oral pathogens, actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans aa, porphyromonas gingivalis pg. Furthermore, we must be aware that these diseases share many risk factors and there are evident similarities to the basic pathogenic mechanisms. Teeth are supported by the gums, or gingiva and bone. Alonsogonzalez r, perezhernandez a, silvestrerangil j, silvestre fj. Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the gums and bone supporting the teeth. Periodontal diseases as bacterial infection introduction the term infection is used to refer to the presence and multiplication of microorganisms in the body 1.
Connections between the diseases in the periodontium and general health are described in detail. The pathogenesis of periodontal diseases this informational paper was prepared by the research, science, and therapy committee of the american academy of periodontology, and is intended for the information of the dental profession. Etiology of periodontal disease the clinical manifestations of periodontal disease result form a complex interplay between bacteria found in dental plaque and the host tissues. Endocrine factors have been given considerable attention in relation to periodontal disease, particularly hypoinsulinism or diabetes mellitus. Pdf the etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal disease. The pathophysiology of the disease has been characterized in its key molecular pathways, and. In gingivitis, the gums become red, swollen and can bleed easily. Tobacco contains chemicals that can slow the healing process. Preventing periodontal disease b y the time people reach adulthood, their teeth and gingivae, or gums, have had quite a workout. Bacterial infections and the causative bacteria are found in the plaque.
Etiology of periodontal diseases linkedin slideshare. Dumitrescu etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal disease represents a new concept in periodontology with its pronounced focus on understanding through knowledge rather than presenting the present valid answers. This makes the gum inflamed which is why they bleed. Periodontal involvement consists of early inflammatory changes that lead to bone loss and exfoliation of teeth.
Gum periodontal disease causes, symptoms, diagnosis. This course stresses the rationale and technical aspects of examination of the periodontal patient. The periodontal disease is a chronic, degenerative disease which is localised on the gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum and alveolar bone. But so far, it has not been determined whether gum disease is the cause of these conditions. Prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases in primary. Periodontitis is a multifactorial inflammatory disease and both environmental and genetic factors play a major role in the progression of the disease with consequent tissue destruction around the dental roots, and alveolar bone is associated with systemic alterations such as diabetes, changes in the liver, cardiovascular diseases, and even. The periodontal disease is a chronic and degenerative disease that affects and remains localized on gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum and alveolar bone. Periodontal disease is the number one health problem in small animal patients. Request pdf etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal diseases the two most prevalent and most investigated periodontal diseases are dental plaqueinduced gingivitis and chronic periodontitis. Pathogenesis is the sequence of events leading to the occurrence of a disease. Inflammation that is indistinguishable from periodontal pdf split merge crack disease. When the inflammation is simply in the gums it is called gingivitis, but once it involves the underlying supporting tissues it is called periodontitis. Periodontitis, a chronic oral infectious disease, appears to occur as a result of a dysregulated host immune response elicited by. Characteristics of periodontal disease chapter 4 quizlet.
Periodontal gum disease is an infection of the tissues that hold your teeth in place. Prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases in primary care. In its early stage, called gingivitis, the gums become swollen, red, and may bleed. Etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal disease represents a new concept in periodontology with its pronounced focus on understanding through knowledge rather than presenting the present valid answers. The main etiological factor is oral biofilm with microorganisms. Etiology of periodontal diseases host other agent periodontitis is an outcome of a complex interplay between bacterial infection and host response, often modified by other factors. In particular, the effect of systemic disease on periodontal health was recognized and added as a category. Gingivitis is a mild form of gum disease that can usually be reversed with daily brushing and flossing, and regular cleaning by a dentist or dental hygienist. Periodontal disease initial signs factors that contribute to periodontal disease systemic effects periodontal disease is the most common diseases in companion animals. Periodontal disease pdf periodontal disease and overall health.
Periodontal disease handout apex dog and cat dentistry. This, in turn has been demonstrated to lead to further bone destruction and progression of periodontal disease. Periodontal disease oral health conditions division of. Pdf principles in prevention of periodontal diseases. A bacterial infection that destroys the attachment fibers and supporting bones that hold the teeth in the mouth. Mar 27, 20 etiology of periodontal disease the clinical manifestations of periodontal disease result form a complex interplay between bacteria found in dental plaque and the host tissues. It may form on teeth, mucosa or other solid surfaces. The terms periodontal disease, periodontopathy or periodontitis, commonly known as pyorrhoea, are applied to a bacterial infection which is very frequent in adults and affects the tissues supporting the teeth. The last 10 to 15 years have seen the emergence of several important new findings and concepts regarding the etiopathogenesis of periodontal diseases.
Etiology of periodontal disease linkedin slideshare. When gums are healthy, they continue to fit snugly around the teeth. History of the periodontal disease and systemic disease connection. If you use tobacco, ask your dentist or physician for information about how to successfully stop the habit. Periodontology aap went from 2 main periodontal disease categories to 5 table 1.
The main cause of periodontal disease is bacterial plaque, a sticky, colorless film that constantly forms on teeth. Other studies showed that women with gum disease were more likely than those with healthy gums to deliver preterm, low birth weight babies. For centuries, the role of oral infection and inflammation in contributing to diseases elsewhere in the body has. Genetic factors and the risk of periodontitis development. Role of acacia catechu on management of periodontal disease a herbal tooth powder which removed plaque, stain or patches and cleaned and polished tooth surfaces without any abrasive action, comprised the powder of acaciacatechu, menthol and camphor in the proportion of 91%, 2. Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease that destroys bone and gum tissues that support the teeth. Pdf on jul 21, 2018, muna s elburki and others published the etiology and. A second problem in studying the bacterial etiology of periodontal disease is variation.
Oct 18, 2015 etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal disease pdf by alexandrina l. Informational paper the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. Despite this, it remains an underrecognized condition and treatment is often underutilized. Preventing periodontal disease american dental association. Workshop on classification of periodontal diseases, research in the field. Periodontal disease or gum disease is the inflammation of the gums and the supporting structures which hold your teeth in place. Periodontitis, or pyorrhea, is a disease involving inflammation of the. A tooths root is anchored to the bone within its socket by fibers called periodontal ligaments. Periodontal disease, also known as gum disease, is a set of inflammatory conditions affecting the tissues surrounding the teeth.